Prophecies About Prophet Muhammad ﷺ in the Psalms

(Cite: Khan, Dr. (Mufti) Imran & Hamdani, Mufti Shah Rafi Uddin. (2018), Prophecies About Prophet Muhammad in the Psalms, Encyclopedia of Muhammad , Seerat Research Center, Karachi, Pakistan, Vol. 1, Pg. 364-382.)

Bible translators and commentators are not in agreement on the etymology of the name David, which is an English rendering of the Hebrew name Dawid. However, most of them notice the distinct similarity between this name and the Hebrew root dwd that yields dod, meaning beloved in gen¬eral or uncle more specifically; doda, meaning aunt, or the root ydd, mean¬ing love. Even though they ignore it, the word has a close connection with the Arabic word wud, meaning love, and wadud, which means a beloved one, a friend.

David was a prophet-king and the Holy Quran mentions him with his just rule, miracles and praise¬worthy virtues in many of its verse. The Holy Quran also states that God Almighty revealed the Psalms to him.

The special reference to David and the Psalms in the mentioned verses signifies that God Almighty exalted David particularly with the Psalms. Secondly, just as some prophets have superiority over others in some respects, the Psalms also have a certain superiority over other Divine Scriptures before the Holy Quran in some respects. Since this distinction is stressed in the Holy Quran, that David and the Psalms must have particular importance in regard with Prophet Muhammad .

The Prophet Nearest To The Lord

As stated in the verse, ¹ the Holy Quran directs our attention to the Psalms. In the Psalms, David has mentioned the Prophet Muhammad as the one nearest to the Lord:

لِأَنَّهُ مَنْ فِي ٱلسَّمَاءِ يُعَادِلُ ٱلرَّبَّ. مَنْ يُشْبِهُ ٱلرَّبَّ بَيْنَ أَبْنَاءِ ٱللهِ؟ ²

No one in heaven is like you, Lord; none of the heavenly beings is your equal. ³

The Holy Quran expresses this unparalleled nearness of the Holy Prophet to God Almighty allegorically as follows:

وَهُوَ بِالْأُفُقِ الْأَعْلَى 7 ثُمَّ دَنَا فَتَدَلَّى 8 فَكَانَ قَابَ قَوْسَيْنِ أَوْ أَدْنَى 9 فَأَوْحَى إِلَى عَبْدِهِ مَا أَوْحَى 10 مَا كَذَبَ الْفُؤَادُ مَا رَأَى 11⁴

And he was on the horizon of the highest heaven. Then the Spectacle became closer and came down in full view. So the distance between the Spectacle and the beloved was only two arms’ length, or even less. So Allah divinely revealed to His bondman, whatever He divinely revealed. The heart did not deny, what it saw.

While commenting on this verse an eminent Islamic scholar Duhhak stated the following:

قال الضحاك : دنا محمد صلى اللّٰه عليه وسلم من ربه فتدلى فأهوى للسجود، فكان منه قاب قوسين أو أدنى. ⁵

Muhammad moved nearer to his God, prostrated and became so close to Him that only a bow's distance or less was left between them.

No other prophet other than Muhammad has achieved such closeness to God. Hence it shows that the prophecy of David only holds true for Muhammad .

The Prophet Who Comes In The Name Of The Lord

At another place of the Psalms, it is stated:

مُبَارَكٌ ٱلْآتِي بِٱسْمِ ٱلرَّبِّ. بَارَكْنَاكُمْ مِنْ بَيْتِ ٱلرَّبّ. ⁶

May God bless the one who comes in the name of the Lord!

It is only the Holy Prophet who was ordered to begin "in the name of the Lord" in the first revelation which came for him:

اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ 1⁷

Read with the name of your Lord Who created.

The mark of Islam is "In the name of Allah, the All-Merciful, The All-Compassionate". If we compare the verse of the Psalms and the Holy Quran, it becomes clear that it refers to the Holy Prophet.

God's Pure Words Preserved Intact

٦ كَلَامُ ٱلرَّبِّ كَلَامٌ نَقِيٌّ، كَفِضَّةٍ مُصَفَّاةٍ فِي بُوطَةٍ فِي ٱلْأَرْضِ، مَمْحُوصَةٍ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ. ٧ أَنْتَ يَارَبُّ تَحْفَظُهُمْ. تَحْرُسُهُمْ مِنْ هَذَا ٱلْجِيلِ إِلَى ٱلدَّهْرِ. ٨ ٱلْأَشْرَارُ يَتَمَشَّوْنَ مِنْ كُلِّ نَاحِيَةٍ عِنْدَ ٱرْتِفَاعِ ٱلْأَرْذَالِ بَيْنَ ٱلنَّاسِ. ⁸

The promises of the Lord can be trusted; they are as genuine as silver refined seven times in the furnace. The wicked are everywhere, and everyone praises what is evil. Keep us always safe, O Lord, and preserve us from such people.

This prophecy is obviously about the Holy Quran, which is the only Divine Book which has been preserved in its pristine purity and originality. This was admitted even by a contentious writer like William Muir, who writes:

“There is probably in the world no other book which has remained twelve centuries with so pure a text.” ⁹

The Holy Quran has been preserved not only in written form, but also in the memory of millions of Hafiz Muslims or through oral recitation: The method of transmitting the Quran from one generation to the next is by having the young memorize it, As their elders had mitigated somewhat from the beginning the worst perils of rely¬ing solely on written records. ¹⁰

This phenomenon of Quranic recital means that the text has traversed the centuries in an unbroken living sequence of devotion. It cannot, therefore, be handled as an antiquarian, nor as a historical document out of a distant past. The fact of hifz (Quranic memorization) has made the Quran a prized possession through all the age of Islam and gave it a human currency in every generation never allowing its relegation to a bare authority for reference alone. ¹¹

The Holy Quran was revealed to the Holy Prophet through the Archangel Gabriel, and no other book has ever put forth a claim of Divine protec¬tion as does the Holy Quran, nor has any other book than the Holy Quran been preserved in its original form. As the Holy Quran states:

إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَ وَإِنَّا لَهُ لَحَافِظُونَ 9¹²

Indeed We have sent down the Quran, and indeed We Ourselves surely are its Guardians.

This clearly states that one should know that it is the words of God and He is preserving it. Therefore, no one can do no harm to it, nor can they discredit it by their ridicules, taunts and objections, nor can they hamper its progress. Whatever they may do against it, no one will ever be able to change or tamper with it.

The Headstone Of The Building Of Prophethood

٢١ أَحْمَدُكَ لِأَنَّكَ ٱسْتَجَبْتَ لِي وَصِرْتَ لِي خَلَاصًا. ٢٢ ٱلْحَجَرُ ٱلَّذِي رَفَضَهُ ٱلْبَنَّاؤُونَ قَدْ صَارَ رَأْسَ ٱلزَّاوِيَةِ. ٢٣ مِنْ قِبَلِ ٱلرَّبِّ كَانَ هَذَا، وَهُوَ عَجِيبٌ فِي أَعْيُنِنَا. ٢٤ هَذَا هُوَ ٱلْيَوْمُ ٱلَّذِي صَنَعُهُ ٱلرَّبُّ، نَبْتَهِجُ وَنَفْرَحُ فِيهِ. ٢٥ آهِ يَارَبُّ خَلِّصْ! آهِ يَارَبُّ أَنْقِذْ! ٢٦ مُبَارَكٌ ٱلْآتِي بِٱسْمِ ٱلرَّبِّ. بَارَكْنَاكُمْ مِنْ بَيْتِ ٱلرَّبِّ. ¹³

I praise you, Lord, because you heard me, because you have given me victory. The stone which the builders rejected as worthless turned out to be the most important of all. This was done by the Lord; what a wonderful sight it is! This is the day of the Lord's victory; let us be happy, let us celebrate! Save us, Lord, save us! Give us success, O Lord! May God bless the one who comes in the name of the Lord! From the Temple of the Lord, we bless you.

The Bible, unfortunately contains many forged things which are basically lies about David as well as against several other prophets. Prophet Muhammad verified the prior prophets and clarified the misconceptions or forgeries narrated in the altered holy scriptures. Thus, 'turned out to be the most important of all' refers to two things, one of them is mentioned above, and the second one is that he would also bring the Islam, the final form of religion which would be followed till the day of judgment .

The Holy Prophet is the stone of the building of prophethood which had been built since the time of Abraham . However, the Israelites, who had acted as a significant constituent in its building for centuries, rejected the "final stone" to be placed on it. This last stone descended from the Ishmaelite’s, in whom the Israelites saw no good. However, it was ordained otherwise by God Almighty, Who has blessed the former and promised to make them into a great nation. Prophet Muhammad was raised among them, and being headstone completed the magnificent edifice of prophethood. It is interesting and informative that in a hadith, Prophet Muhammad describes himself as the "cornerstone" or "headstone" completing the building of prophethood. In the Hebrew text as well, this stone has been referred to as rosh-pinnah, which means tile headstone of a dome; it also means the final stone of a fortification which is built as protection against the enemies. Pinnah means a tower of safety. The Holy Prophet alone could be the head¬stone of the tower since prophethood came to an end with him, none of the Israelite Prophets ever made such a claim, nor any of them invoked divine sanction of his being the final prophet.

David's Detailed Description Of The Holy Prophet

٤ يَقْضِي لِمَسَاكِينِ ٱلشَّعْبِ. يُخَلِّصُ بَنِي ٱلْبَائِسِينَ، وَيَسْحَقُ ٱلظَّالِمَ. ٥ يَخْشَوْنَكَ مَا دَامَتِ ٱلشَّمْسُ، وَقُدَّامَ ٱلْقَمَرِ إِلَى دَوْرٍ فَدَوْرٍ. ٦ يَنْزِلُ مِثْلَ ٱلْمَطَرِ عَلَى ٱلْجُزَازِ، وَمِثْلَ ٱلْغُيُوثِ ٱلذَّارِفَةِ عَلَى ٱلْأَرْضِ. ٧ يُشْرِقُ فِي أَيَّامِهِ ٱلصِّدِّيقُ، وَكَثْرَةُ ٱلسَّلَامِ إِلَى أَنْ يَضْمَحِلَّ ٱلْقَمَرُ. ٨ وَيَمْلِكُ مِنَ ٱلْبَحْرِ إِلَى ٱلْبَحْرِ، وَمِنَ ٱلنَّهْرِ إِلَى أَقَاصِي ٱلْأَرْضِ.٩ أَمَامَهُ تَجْثُو أَهْلُ ٱلْبَرِّيَّةِ، وَأَعْدَاؤُهُ يَلْحَسُونَ ٱلتُّرَابَ. ١٠ مُلُوكُ تَرْشِيشَ وَٱلْجَزَائِرِ يُرْسِلُونَ تَقْدِمَةً. مُلُوكُ شَبَا وَسَبَإٍ يُقَدِّمُونَ هَدِيَّةً. ١١ وَيَسْجُدُ لَهُ كُلُّ ٱلْمُلُوكِ. كُلُّ ٱلْأُمَمِ تَتَعَبَّدُ لَهُ. ١٢ لِأَنَّهُ يُنَجِّي ٱلْفَقِيرَ ٱلْمُسْتَغِيثَ، وَٱلْمِسْكِينَ إِذْ لَا مُعِينَ لَهُ. ١٣ يُشْفِقُ عَلَى ٱلْمِسْكِينِ وَٱلْبَائِسِ، وَيُخَلِّصُ أَنْفُسَ ٱلْفُقَرَاءِ. ١٤ مِنَ ٱلظُّلْمِ وَٱلْخَطْفِ يَفْدِي أَنْفُسَهُمْ، وَيُكْرَمُ دَمُهُمْ فِي عَيْنَيْهِ. ١٥ وَيَعِيشُ وَيُعْطِيهِ مِنْ ذَهَبِ شَبَا. وَيُصَلِّي لِأَجْلِهِ دَائِمًا. ٱلْيَوْمَ كُلَّهُ يُبَارِكُهُ. ١٦ تَكُونُ حُفْنَةُ بُرٍّ فِي ٱلْأَرْضِ فِي رُؤُوسِ ٱلْجِبَالِ. تَتَمَايَلُ مِثْلَ لُبْنَانَ ثَمَرَتُهَا، وَيُزْهِرُونَ مِنَ ٱلْمَدِينَةِ مِثْلَ عُشْبِ ٱلْأَرْضِ. ١٧ يَكُونُ ٱسْمُهُ إِلَى ٱلدَّهْرِ. قُدَّامَ ٱلشَّمْسِ يَمْتَدُّ ٱسْمُهُ، وَيَتَبَارَكُونَ بِهِ. كُلُّ أُمَمِ ٱلْأَرْضِ يُطَوِّبُونَهُ. ¹⁴

May the king judge the poor fairly; may he help the needy and defeat their oppressors. May your people worship you as long as the sun shines, as long as the moon gives light, for ages to come. May the king be like rain on the fields, like showers falling on the land. May righteousness flourish in his lifetime, and may prosperity last as long as the moon gives light. His kingdom will reach from sea to sea, from the Euphrates to the ends of the earth. The peoples of the desert will bow down before him; his enemies will throw themselves to the ground. The kings of Spain and of the islands will offer him gifts; the kings of Sheba and Seba will bring him offerings. All kings will bow down before him; all nations will serve him. He rescues the poor who call to him, and those who are needy and neglected. He has pity on the weak and poor; he saves the lives of those in need. He rescues them from oppression and violence; their lives are precious to him. Long live the king! May he be given gold from Sheba; may prayers be said for him at all times; may God's blessings be upon him always! May there be plenty of grain in the land; may the hills be covered with crops, as fruitful as those of Lebanon. May the cities be filled with people, like fields full of grass. May the king's name never be forgotten; may his fame last as long as the sun. May all nations ask God to bless them as he has blessed the king.

David predicts here that the Promised One will be the last prophet, since his teaching will be abided by forever. He is described to be the guardian of the poor and the needy; that he shall crush the oppressors, but for the righteous, he will be like rain that comes upon the mown grass; and there will be an abundance of peace, that is, Islam will spread all over. When the Holy Prophet returned from Mount Nur (Light) in excitement after receiving the first revelation in the cave of Hira, his wife Khadija said to him:

كلا واللّٰه ما يخزيك اللّٰه أبدا، إنك لتصل الرحم، وتحمل الكل، وتكسب المعدوم، وتقري الضيف، وتعين على نوائب الحق ¹⁵

Never! By Allah, Allah will never disgrace you. You keep good relations with your kith and kin, help the poor and the destitute, serve your guests generously and assist the deserving calamity-afflicted ones.

The prophecy was fulfilled in the personality of the Holy Prophet only because since David , there is no prophet other than Prophet Muhammad , who has spread his religion from east to west, and it was Muhammad to whose name many rulers have paid tribute, whose way so many people have obeyed out of deep adoration for him, and on whom one-fourth of humanity daily sends salutations and blessings by saying: "O God, bestow blessings and peace upon Muhammad and upon his family."

Another Description Of The Prophet And Islamic Morality

١ يَارَبُّ، مَنْ يَنْزِلُ فِي مَسْكَنِكَ؟ مَنْ يَسْكُنُ فِي جَبَلِ قُدْسِكَ؟ ٢ ٱلسَّالِكُ بِٱلْكَمَالِ، وَٱلْعَامِلُ ٱلْحَقَّ، وَٱلْمُتَكَلِّمُ بِٱلصِّدْقِ فِي قَلْبِهِ. ٣ ٱلَّذِي لَا يَشِي بِلِسَانِهِ، وَلَا يَصْنَعُ شَرًّا بِصَاحِبِهِ، وَلَا يَحْمِلُ تَعْيِيرًا عَلَى قَرِيبِهِ. ٤ وَٱلرَّذِيلُ مُحْتَقَرٌ فِي عَيْنَيْهِ، وَيُكْرِمُ خَائِفِي ٱلرَّبِّ. يَحْلِفُ لِلضَّرَرِ وَلَا يُغَيِّرُ. ٥ فِضَّتُهُ لَا يُعْطِيهَا بِٱلرِّبَا، وَلَا يَأْخُذُ ٱلرِّشْوَةَ عَلَى ٱلْبَرِيءِ. ٱلَّذِي يَصْنَعُ هَذَا لَا يَتَزَعْزَعُ إِلَى ٱلدَّهْرِ. ¹⁶

Lord, who may enter your Temple? Who may worship on Zion, your sacred hill? Those who obey God in everything and always do what is right, whose words are true and sincere, and who do not slander others. They do no wrong to their friends nor spread rumours about their neighbours. They despise those whom God rejects but honour those who obey the Lord. They always do what they promise, no matter how much it may cost. They make loans without charging interest and cannot be bribed to testify against the innocent. Whoever does these things will always be secure.

These verses relate to the typical characteristic qualities of a Mus¬lim which are stressed in the many verses of the Holy Quran. ‘Those who obey God in everything and always do what is is right’ refers to the following verse:

وَابْتَغِ فِيمَا آتَاكَ اللَّهُ الدَّارَ الْآخِرَةَ وَلَا تَنْسَ نَصِيبَكَ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا وَأَحْسِنْ كَمَا أَحْسَنَ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكَ وَلَا تَبْغِ الْفَسَادَ فِي الْأَرْضِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُفْسِدِينَ 77¹⁷

And seek the abode of the Hereafter with the wealth that Allah has given you, and do not forget your part in this world, and do favours (to others) the way Allah has favoured you, and do not seek to cause turmoil in the earth; indeed Allah does not like the mischievous.

وَيَاقَوْمِ أَوْفُوا الْمِكْيَالَ وَالْمِيزَانَ بِالْقِسْطِ وَلَا تَبْخَسُوا النَّاسَ أَشْيَاءَهُمْ وَلَا تَعْثَوْا فِي الْأَرْضِ مُفْسِدِينَ 85¹⁸

O my people! Measure and weigh in full with justice, and do not give the people their goods diminished, and do not roam about in the earth causing turmoil.

In these verses, the Muslims are being ordered to seek the hereafter, and that could only be done if the orders of God (pertaining to worldy affairs and the religious matters) are followed. From history it can be seen that the Muslims did follow and do follow these orders. Those who don't, will be held responsible in the hereafter.

‘Whose words are true…..about the neighbor.’ Has the same meaning as the following Hadith:

عن ابى هريرة قال : قال رسول اللّٰه صلى اللّٰه عليه وسلم: ما زال جبريل يوصينى بالجار حتى ظننت أنه سيورثه. ¹⁹

It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah said: "Gabriel kept enjoining to do good treatment with neighbors until I thought that he would make neighbors heirs"

This hadith proves the importance of morality and ethics in Islam. So much good treatment of neighbors was emphasized that they were almost made heirs in property No other example can be found in any other religion which contains so many rights of neighbors.

Regarding ‘They despise those whom God rejects but honor those who obeys the Lord’ refers to the following verse of the Holy Quran:

لَا تَجِدُ قَوْمًا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ يُوَادُّونَ مَنْ حَادَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَلَوْ كَانُوا آبَاءَهُمْ أَوْ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ أَوْ إِخْوَانَهُمْ أَوْ عَشِيرَتَهُمْ......²⁰

You will not find the people who believe in Allah and the Last Day, Befriending those who oppose Allah and His Noble Messenger, even if they are their fathers or their sons or their brothers or their tribesmen.

Two things have been stated in this verse: first, a matter of principle, and the second, a statement of fact. The matter of principle is that faith in the true religion and love of the opponents of the religion are contradictory things, which cannot conceivably co-exist in one and the same place. It is absolutely impossible that love of the faith and love of the enemies of Allah and His Messenger co-exist in one and the same heart, just as a person's love for himself and his love for his enemy cannot co-exist in his heart simultaneously. Additionally, the Holy Prophet said:

عن ابى ذر، قال: قال رسول اللّٰه صلى اللّٰه عليه وسلم: أفضل الأعمال الحب في اللّٰه، والبعض في اللّٰه. ²¹

It was narrated that Abu Dharr said: The Messenger of Allah said. "The most virtous of deeds are loving for the sake of Allah and hating for the sake of Allah.

This shows that the basic teachings of all the prophets have remained the same. Secondly, these teachings are being followed by the Muslims, who learned it from the Holy Prophet . So David basically prophesized the traits of the community of Prophet Muhammad .

Regarding They make loans without charging interest refers to the following verse of the Holy Quran:

يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَذَرُوا مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الرِّبَا إِنْ كُنْتُمْ مُؤْمِنِينَ 278 فَإِنْ لَمْ تَفْعَلُوا فَأْذَنُوا بِحَرْبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَإِنْ تُبْتُمْ فَلَكُمْ رُءُوسُ أَمْوَالِكُمْ لَا تَظْلِمُونَ وَلَا تُظْلَمُونَ 279²²

O People who believe! Fear Allah and forego the remaining usury, if you are Muslims. And if you do not, then be certain of a war with Allah and His Noble Messenger, and if you repent, take back your principal amount, neither you cause harm to someone, nor you be harmed.

After the revelation of this verse interest-bearing transactions became a punishable offence within the realm of Islam. The Prophet warned the Arab tribes through his officials that war would be declared against them if they did not give up interest-bearing transactions. It was specified, for instance, in the agreement under which the Christians of Najran were granted internal autonomy under the suzerainty of the Islamic government, that if they continued to use interest, the agreement with them would be considered void and their action as an act of belligerency. On the basis of the last words of the verse, Ibn Abbas, Hasan al-Baari, Ibn Sirin and Rabi' ibn Anas are of the view that anyone who takes interest within the boundaries of the Islamic State (Dar-ul-Islam) should be pressed to repudiate the transaction and recant and, if he persists, should be put to death

The part ‘cannot be bribed to testify against the innocent’ is similar to the following verse of the Holy Quran:

يَاأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُونُوا قَوَّامِينَ بِالْقِسْطِ شُهَدَاءَ لِلَّهِ وَلَوْ عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَوِ الْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالْأَقْرَبِينَ إِنْ يَكُنْ غَنِيًّا أَوْ فَقِيرًا فَاللَّهُ أَوْلَى بِهِمَا فَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا الْهَوَى أَنْ تَعْدِلُوا وَإِنْ تَلْوُوا أَوْ تُعْرِضُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرًا 135²³

O People who believe! Be firm in establishing justice, giving witness for Allah, even if it is harmful to yourselves or parents or relatives, whether the one you testify against is wealthy or poor, for in any case Allah has the greater right over it, then do not flow your wishes for you may stray from the truth, and if you distort testimony or turn away, then Allah is well aware of your deeds.

It is not enough for believers to uphold justice themselves they are expected to be its standard-bearers. They are supposed not merely to practice justice in their own dealings but to strive for its triumph. They have to do all within their power to ensure that injustice is eradicated and replaced by equity and justice. A true believer is required to be the pillar supporting the establishment of right and justice. The testimony of the believers should be solely for the sake of God. Their testimony should not be biased in favor of any of the parties concerned, they should not use any opportunity for personal aggrandizement. and they should not seek to please anyone but God." ²⁴

So overall, it is the community of Muhammad which possesses the traits prophesized by David Hence this proves that David prophesized about Muhammad .

The Holy Quran praises those who prefer others over themselves, even if they are needy:

وَالَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُوا الدَّارَ وَالْإِيمَانَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ يُحِبُّونَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَا يَجِدُونَ فِي صُدُورِهِمْ حَاجَةً مِمَّا أُوتُوا وَيُؤْثِرُونَ عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ وَلَوْ كَانَ بِهِمْ خَصَاصَةٌ وَمَنْ يُوقَ شُحَّ نَفْسِهِ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ 9²⁵

And those who accepted this city as their home and accepted faith before them, befriend those who migrated towards them, and in their breasts do not find any need for what they have been given, and prefer the migrants above themselves, even if they themselves are in dire need; and whoever is saved from the greed of his soul – it is they who are the successful.

It is only Islam which emphatically orders adherence to agreements even at a loss to oneself, as stated above. It also prohibits interest-involving transactions, while the ideology of the Jews and the Christians is based on making a profit and get¬ting interest.

`Abdu'llah Ibn `Amr Ibn al-'As , who extensively studied the earlier Divine Books; `Abdullah Ibn Salam, the first famous Jewish scholar to embrace Islam during the time of the Holy Prophet ; and Ka'b Ibn al-Ahbar, one of the eminent Jewish scholars, all asserted that the following verse existed in the Old Testament:

عن عطاء بن يسار، قال: لقيت عبد اللّٰه بن عمرو بن العاص رضي اللّٰه عنهما، قلت: أخبرني عن صفة رسول اللّٰه صلى اللّٰه عليه وسلم في التوراة؟ قال: " أجل، واللّٰه إنه لموصوف في التوراة ببعض صفته في القرآن: ''يا أيها النبي إنا أرسلناك شاهدا ومبشرا ونذيرا'' (الأحزاب: 45)، وحرزا للأميين، أنت عبدي ورسولي، سميتك المتوكل ليس بفظ ولا غليظ، ولا سخاب في الأسواق، ولا يدفع بالسيئة السيئة، ولكن يعفو ويغفر، ولن يقبضه اللّٰه حتى يقيم به الملة العوجاء، بأن يقولوا: لا إله إلا اللّٰه، ويفتح بها أعينا عميا، وآذانا صما، وقلوبا غلفا. ²⁶

Narrated by Ata bin Yasar: I met Abdullah bin 'Amr bin Al-'As and asked him, "Tell me about the description of Allah's Apostle which is mentioned in Torah (i.e. Old Testament.") He replied, 'Yes. By Allah, he is described in Torah with some of the qualities attributed to him in the Quran as follows: "O Prophet! We have sent you as a witness (for Allah's True religion) and a giver of glad tidings (to the faithful believers), and a warner (to the unbelievers) and guardian of the illiterates. You are My slave and My messenger (i.e. Apostle). I have named you "Al-Mutawakkil" (who depends upon Allah). You are neither discourteous, harsh Nor a noisemaker in the markets and you do not do evil to those Who do evil to you, but you deal with them with forgiveness and kindness. Allah will not let him (the Prophet) Die till he makes straight the crooked people by making them say: "None has the right to be worshipped but Allah," with which will be opened blind eyes and deaf ears and enveloped hearts."

The Righteous To Be Upheld By The Lord And Who Shall Inherit The Land

Stating the prophecy about the conquest of Makkah by the Holy Prophet , Psalm states:

٩ لِأَنَّ عَامِلِي ٱلشَّرِّ يُقْطَعُونَ، وَٱلَّذِينَ يَنْتَظِرُونَ ٱلرَّبَّ هُمْ يَرِثُونَ ٱلْأَرْضَ. ١٠ بَعْدَ قَلِيلاً يَكُونُ ٱلشِّرِّيرُ تَطَّلِعُ فِي مَكَانِهِ فَلَا يَكُونُ. ١١ لْوُدَعَاءُ فَيَرِثُونَ ٱلْأَرْضَ، وَيَتَلَذَّذُونَ فِي كَثْرَةِ ٱلسَّلَامَةِ. ١٢ ٱلشِّرِّيرُ يَتَفَكَّرُ ضِدَّ ٱلصِّدِّيقِ وَيُحَرِّقُ عَلَيْهِ أَسْنَانَهُ. ١٣ ٱلرَّبُّ يَضْحَكُ بِهِ لِأَنَّهُ رَأَى أَنَّ يَوْمَهُ آتٍ! ²⁷

Those who trust in the Lord will possess the land, but the wicked will be driven out. Soon the wicked will disappear; you may look for them, but you won't find them, but the humble will possess the land and enjoy prosperity and peace. The wicked plot against good people and glare at them with hate. But the Lord laughs at wicked people because he knows they will soon be destroyed.

١٦ اَلْقَلِيلُ ٱلَّذِي لِلصِّدِّيقِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ ثَرْوَةِ أَشْرَارٍ كَثِيرِينَ. ١٧ لِأَنَّ سَوَاعِدَ ٱلْأَشْرَارِ تَنْكَسِرُ، وَعَاضِدُ ٱلصِّدِّيقِينَ ٱلرَّبُّ. ١٨ ٱلرَّبُّ عَارِفٌ أَيَّامَ ٱلْكَمَلَةِ، وَمِيرَاثُهُمْ إِلَى ٱلْأَبَدِ يَكُونُ. ١٩ لَا يُخْزَوْنَ فِي زَمَنِ ٱلسُّوءِ، وَفِي أَيَّامِ ٱلْجُوعِ يَشْبَعُونَ. ٢٠ لِأَنَّ ٱلْأَشْرَارَ يَهْلِكُونَ، وَأَعْدَاءُ ٱلرَّبِّ كَبَهَاءِ ٱلْمَرَاعِي. فَنُوا. كَٱلدُّخَانِ فَنُوا. ٢١ ٱلشِّرِّيرُ يَسْتَقْرِضُ وَلَا يَفِي، أَمَّا ٱلصِّدِّيقُ فَيَتَرَأَّفُ وَيُعْطِي. ٢٢ لِأَنَّ ٱلْمُبَارَكِينَ مِنْهُ يَرِثُونَ ٱلْأَرْضَ، وَٱلْمَلْعُونِينَ مِنْهُ يُقْطَعُونَ. ٢٣ مِنْ قِبَلِ ٱلرَّبِّ تَتَثَبَّتُ خَطَوَاتُ ٱلْإِنْسَانِ وَفِي طَرِيقِهِ يُسَرُّ. ٢٤ إِذَا سَقَطَ لَا يَنْطَرِحُ، لِأَنَّ ٱلرَّبَّ مُسْنِدٌ يَدَهُ. ٢٥ أَيْضًا كُنْتُ فَتىً وَقَدْ شِخْتُ، وَلَمْ أَرَ صِدِّيقًا تُخُلِّيَ عَنْهُ، وَلَا ذُرِّيَّةً لَهُ تَلْتَمِسُ خُبْزًا. ٢٦ ٱلْيَوْمَ كُلَّهُ يَتَرَأَّفُ وَيُقْرِضُ، وَنَسْلُهُ لِلْبَرَكَةِ. ٢٧ حِدْ عَنِ ٱلشَّرِّ وَٱفْعَلِ ٱلْخَيْرَ، وَٱسْكُنْ إِلَى ٱلْأَبَدِ. ٢٨ لِأَنَّ ٱلرَّبَّ يُحِبُّ ٱلْحَقَّ، وَلَا يَتَخَلَّى عَنْ أَتْقِيَائِهِ. إِلَى ٱلْأَبَدِ يُحْفَظُونَ. أَمَّا نَسْلُ ٱلْأَشْرَارِ فَيَنْقَطِعُ. ٢٩ ٱلصِّدِّيقُونَ يَرِثُونَ ٱلْأَرْضَ وَيَسْكُنُونَهَا إِلَى ٱلْأَبَدِ. ٣٠ فَمُ ٱلصِّدِّيقِ يَلْهَجُ بِٱلْحِكْمَةِ، وَلِسَانُهُ يَنْطِقُ بِٱلْحَقِّ. ٣١ شَرِيعَةُ إِلَهِهِ فِي قَلْبِهِ. لَا تَتَقَلْقَلُ خَطَوَاتُهُ. ٣٢ ٱلشِّرِّيرُ يُرَاقِبُ ٱلصِّدِّيقَ مُحَاوِلًا أَنْ يُمِيتَهُ. ٣٣ ٱلرَّبُّ لَا يَتْرُكُهُ فِي يَدِهِ، وَلَا يَحْكُمُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَ مُحَاكَمَتِهِ. ٣٤ ٱنْتَظِرِ ٱلرَّبَّ وَٱحْفَظْ طَرِيقَهُ، فَيَرْفَعَكَ لِتَرِثَ ٱلْأَرْضَ. إِلَى ٱنْقِرَاضِ ٱلْأَشْرَارِ تَنْظُرُ. ²⁸

The little that a good person owns is worth more than the wealth of all the wicked, because the Lord will take away the strength of the wicked, but protect those who are good. The Lord takes care of those who obey him, and the land will be theirs forever. They will not suffer when times are bad; they will have enough in a time of famine. But the wicked will die; the enemies of the Lord will vanish like wild flowers; they will disappear like smoke. The wicked borrow and never pay back, but good people are generous with their gifts. Those who are blessed by the Lord will possess the land, but those who are cursed by him will be driven out. The Lord guides us in the way we should go and protects those who please him. If they fall, they will not stay down, because the Lord will help them up. I am old now; I lived a long time, but I have never seen good people abandoned by the Lord or their children begging for food. At all times they give freely and lend to others, and their children are a blessing. Turn away from evil and do good, and your descendants will always live in the land; for the Lord loves what is right and does not abandon his faithful people. He protects them forever, but the descendants of the wicked will be driven out. The righteous will possess the land and live in it forever. The words of good people are wise, and they are always fair. They keep the law of their God in their hearts and never depart from it. Wicked people watch good people and try to kill them, but the Lord will not abandon them to their enemy's power or let them be condemned when they are on trial. Put your hope in the Lord and obey his commands; he will honour you by giving you the land, and you will see the wicked driven out.

These verse of the Bible state that God promised the Children of Israel a ‘homeland’. A similar account is found in the holy Quran as:

وَنُرِيدُ أَنْ نَمُنَّ عَلَى الَّذِينَ اسْتُضْعِفُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَنَجْعَلَهُمْ أَئِمَّةً وَنَجْعَلَهُمُ الْوَارِثِينَ 5²⁹

And We willed to favour those who were weak in the earth, and to make them leaders and to make them the inheritors (of the land and wealth of Firaun’s people).

God Almighty kept this promise, as stated in the following Quranic verse:

وَأَوْرَثْنَا الْقَوْمَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يُسْتَضْعَفُونَ مَشَارِقَ الْأَرْضِ وَمَغَارِبَهَا الَّتِي بَارَكْنَا فِيهَا وَتَمَّتْ كَلِمَتُ رَبِّكَ الْحُسْنَى عَلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ بِمَا صَبَرُوا وَدَمَّرْنَا مَا كَانَ يَصْنَعُ فِرْعَوْنُ وَقَوْمُهُ وَمَا كَانُوا يَعْرِشُونَ 137³⁰

And We made the people who were oppressed, the inheritors of the eastern and western parts of the land in which We placed blessings; and the good promise of your Lord was fulfilled for the Descendants of Israel – the reward of their patience; and We destroyed whatever Firaun and his people built and whatever they had contrived.

When the Pharaoh took power, he attributed to himself too much personal power and divided the people of Egypt into castes. The Children of Israel were the most oppressed group during his reign, because they followed a religion different from the one he and his own people followed. They believed in the faith preached by their first grandfather, Abraham, and his grandson, Jacob. Despite all the distortions that had crept into their faith, they still retained their basic belief in the One God and denied Pharaoh's claims to be a deity. Indeed, they rejected Pharaohnic polytheism altogether.

The tyrant felt that the presence of this community represented a threat to his throne, not least because they could side with hostile neighbors. He could not, however, expel them because of their large numbers, amounting to hundreds of thousands. He, therefore, hit on a devilish plan to forestall the danger he anticipated from such a community that did not recognize him as their deity. His plan involved putting them to do the hardest and most dangerous of jobs, thereby ensuring their suffering. On top of all this, he slew their male children at birth, but spared their female offspring This ensured that their women would be much larger in number than their men, and so weaken them by eradicating the male gender from their society.

God, however, wanted and willed something totally different from what this tyrant wanted. Despotic rulers are often deceived by their own power and the means available to them. They forget God, His power and His planning, thinking that they choose what they wish both for themselves and for their enemies. They believe that nothing can stop them from fulfilling their own agenda,

Thus God wants to grant the oppressed some of His gifts, which He does not specify, and to change their situation making them leaders after they have been subjected to other people's leadership. He also wanted to give them the Holy Land once they had attained a degree of faith and righteousness which made them worthy of it. God's intent, then was to give the Children of Israel power and security, and at the same time foil Pharaoh's plans. ³¹

As per the promise of God, the Children of Israel were given the land, but due to their mischievous acts and continuous disobedience, these people were punished and were driven in to exile again. The land which was given to the Children of Israel was Palestine The Holy Quran describes its environment as:

وَلِسُلَيْمَانَ الرِّيحَ عَاصِفَةً تَجْرِي بِأَمْرِهِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ الَّتِي بَارَكْنَا فِيهَا وَكُنَّا بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَالِمِينَ 81³²

And We subjected the fast wind for Sulaiman, which moved by his command towards the land in which We have placed blessings; and We know everything.

سُبْحَانَ الَّذِي أَسْرَى بِعَبْدِهِ لَيْلًا مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ الْأَقْصَى الَّذِي بَارَكْنَا حَوْلَهُ لِنُرِيَهُ مِنْ آيَاتِنَا إِنَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْبَصِيرُ 1³³

Purity is to Him Who took His bondman in a part of the night from the Sacred Mosque to the Aqsa Mosque around which We have placed blessings, in order that We may show him Our great signs; indeed he is the listener, the beholder. (This verse refers to the physical journey of Prophet Mohammed – peace and blessings be upon him – to Al Aqsa Mosque and from there to the heavens and beyond. The entire journey back to Mecca was completed within a small part of the night.)

It was not only Palestine but also its environment which was blessed by God, in the sense that God produced blessings in it. The reason why God made the Children of Israel inherit the land was that they had patiently endured the persecutions they had been made to suffer and acted with righteousness (al Aa’raaf 7: 137; al¬-Anbiya 21: 72). God's promise was not restricted to a person exclusively, but always for righteousness. It is declared in the Holy Quran:

وَلَقَدْ كَتَبْنَا فِي الزَّبُورِ مِنْ بَعْدِ الذِّكْرِ أَنَّ الْأَرْضَ يَرِثُهَا عِبَادِيَ الصَّالِحُونَ 105³⁴

And indeed We wrote, after the reminder in the Zaboor that, My virtuous bondsmen will inherit the earth. This Quran is sufficient for people who are devout.

This Quranic verse is clearly a reference to the prophecies of David quoted above. The Children of Israel could not remain righteous, and those who disbelieved among them were cursed in the words of their Prophets. The Books of Isaiah (1: 4-5) and Jeremiah (5:15-17; 7: 33-34) are full of the vices and evils that they committed. Eventually, the Romans massacred many of them, enslaved many, and scattered the rest all over the world. Therefore, David's prophecies mentioned above are about another righteous people who will inherit the land and remain there forever. The prophecies are not only about certain future events, but also describe those righteous people.

• They are weak in the beginning and oppressed.
• Despite their small number, in the beginning, God will uphold them, and the arms of the wicked shall be broken.
• At the time of evil or when the world falls on evil days, they shall not be put to shame, and in the days of famine, they shall be satisfied.
• Even though they stumble, they shall not be utterly cast down.

They shall inherit the land, and dwell there¬in forever. For the Lord loves justice, and forsakes not His saints, and accordingly the mouth of the righteous talks of wisdom, and his tongue speak justice. While the seed of the wicked shall be cut off, the seed of the Promised One shall be blessed. They are very sensitive in their deal-ings, as the Holy Quran strictly orders giving full measure when measured and weighed with a true, accurate balance (Al-Isra 17: 35) and curses those who deal in fraud (Al-Mutaffifin, 83:1).

All of these prophecies have been fulfilled in Prophet Muhammad , his companions, and his community. The Holy Land came in possession of the Muslims in 637 CE during the caliphate of `Umar During the life of the Holy Prophet himself, all the enemies of Islam were destroyed in a short period of twenty-three years. No other nation achieved what the Muslims achieved in such a short soan of 23 years only.

In the Holy Quran we find almost the same statements as those quoted above from David :

وَلَقَدْ كَتَبْنَا فِي الزَّبُورِ مِنْ بَعْدِ الذِّكْرِ أَنَّ الْأَرْضَ يَرِثُهَا عِبَادِيَ الصَّالِحُونَ 105 إِنَّ فِي هَذَا لَبَلَاغًا لِقَوْمٍ عَابِدِينَ 106³⁵

And indeed We wrote, after the reminder in the Zaboor that, My virtuous bondsmen will inherit the earth. This Quran is sufficient for people who are devout.

أَلَا إِنَّ أَوْلِيَاءَ اللَّهِ لَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ 62 الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَكَانُوا يَتَّقُونَ 63³⁶

Pay heed! Indeed, upon the friends of Allah is neither any fear nor any grief. Those who have accepted faith and practice piety.

فَلْيَعْبُدُوا رَبَّ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ 3 الَّذِي أَطْعَمَهُمْ مِنْ جُوعٍ وَآمَنَهُمْ مِنْ خَوْفٍ 4³⁷

So they must worship the Lord of this House. (The Ka’aba) The One Who gave them food in hunger, and bestowed them safety from great fear.

إِنَّا أَعْطَيْنَاكَ الْكَوْثَرَ 1 فَصَلِّ لِرَبِّكَ وَانْحَرْ 2 إِنَّ شَانِئَكَ هُوَ الْأَبْتَرُ 3³⁸

We have indeed bestowed the Kausar upon you* (O dear Prophet Mohammed – peace and blessings be upon him). (*Infinite excellent qualities / the greatest number of followers / the sweet pond on the Day of Resurrection). So offer the prayers for your Lord, and perform the sacrifice. Indeed, it is your enemy who is bereft of all goodness.

The Generation To Come To Praise The Lord

Psalms outline another attribute of the nation of the Holy Prophet i.e. praising Almighty Allah extensively. It is stated as:

١٨ يُكْتَبُ هَذَا لِلدَّوْرِ ٱلْآخِرِ، وشَعْبٌ سَوْفَ يُخْلَقُ يُسَبِّحُ ٱلرَّبَّ. ³⁹

Write down for the coming generation what the Lord has done so that people not yet born will praise him.

The Holy Quran is clear on this matter that is, when a generation fails in praising God and fulfilling His commandments, God replaces it with a new one. ⁴⁰ Therefore, the "generation to come" which David prophesies is the generation which follows Islam which is the final religion of the world. For the prophet's Community replaced the previous ones that had failed in praising God. Islam is distinguished with praise of God and the community of Muhammad is called "the Community of praisers". Besides, the first chapter of the Holy Quran, which is compulsory to recite in every cycle of the prayers, begins with All praise is for God, the Lord of the worlds (al-Fatiha, 1:1). Its prophet, Prophet Muhammad, , means the Praised One. Muslims are never tired praising and glorifying their God, They praise Him five times a day I their prayers, and 33 times after each prayer, and at other times of the day as well. No other religion praises God as much as Muslims do.

Blessed Are Those In The Lord's House In Makkah

The David prays to God Almighty, saying:

٤ طُوبَى لِلسَّاكِنِينَ فِي بَيْتِكَ، أَبَدًا يُسَبِّحُونَكَ. سِلَاهْ. ٥ طُوبَى لِأُنَاسٍ عِزُّهُمْ بِكَ. طُرُقُ بَيْتِكَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ. ٦ عَابِرِينَ فِي وَادِي ٱلْبُكَاءِ، يُصَيِّرُونَهُ يَنْبُوعًا. أَيْضًا بِبَرَكَاتٍ يُغَطُّونَ مُورَةَ. ٧ يَذْهَبُونَ مِنْ قُوَّةٍ إِلَى قُوَّةٍ. يُرَوْنَ قُدَّامَ ٱللهِ فِي صِهْيَوْنَ. ⁴¹

How happy are those who live in your Temple, always singing praise to you. How happy are those whose strength comes from you, who are eager to make the pilgrimage to Mount Zion. As they pass through the dry valley of Baca, it becomes a place of springs; the autumn rain fills it with pools. They grow stronger as they go; they will see the God of gods on Zion.

The following conclusions can be drawn from the verses of the Psalms quoted above:2

It is an interesting fact that like many other prophecies, this one, too, uses Bakka (Baca) instead of Makkah, as the Holy Quran, too, uses, Bakka for Makkah before the coming of the Holy Prophet (Al-Imran, 3: 96). Bakka is also transliterated Baca, Baka, Bakah. Therefore, this prophecy of David clearly refers to the Prophet Muhammad and his Community.

The House of God, mentioned in the verses, is the one (Kaaba) at Bakka, for David speaks about those who dwell in the House of God in his time. The Holy Temple in Jerusalem was built after him by Solomon ع.

The House of God in Bakka will never perish, and the Lord will always be praised there, whereas Jerusalem and the Holy Temple have been destroyed many times.

The Quran tells us that Abraham publicly proclaimed the duty of pilgrimage upon God's order. A the Holy Quran states:

وَإِذْ بَوَّأْنَا لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ مَكَانَ الْبَيْتِ أَنْ لَا تُشْرِكْ بِي شَيْئًا وَطَهِّرْ بَيْتِيَ لِلطَّائِفِينَ وَالْقَائِمِينَ وَالرُّكَّعِ السُّجُودِ 26 وَأَذِّنْ فِي النَّاسِ بِالْحَجِّ يَأْتُوكَ رِجَالًا وَعَلَى كُلِّ ضَامِرٍ يَأْتِينَ مِنْ كُلِّ فَجٍّ عَمِيقٍ 27 لِيَشْهَدُوا مَنَافِعَ لَهُمْ وَيَذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ فِي أَيَّامٍ مَعْلُومَاتٍ عَلَى مَا رَزَقَهُمْ مِنْ بَهِيمَةِ الْأَنْعَامِ فَكُلُوا مِنْهَا وَأَطْعِمُوا الْبَائِسَ الْفَقِيرَ 28⁴²

And remember when We showed Ibrahim the right place of the Sacred House (mosque) and commanded that, “Do not ascribe anything as a partner to Me and keep My House clean for those who encircle it and those who stay in it (for worship) and those who bow and prostrate. And publicly announce the pilgrimage to all people – they will come to you, on foot and every lean she-camel, coming from every far distant journey.” (The announcement by Prophet Ibrahim reached each and every soul.) So that they may gain their benefit, and mention the name of Allah on the appointed days as He has bestowed the sustenance to them – the inarticulate animals; therefore eat from them yourself and feed the distressed destitute.

• After Abraham ع, many prophets including David vis-ited the Kaaba, seeking to bless from the House of God.
• Among the nations of the world, only the Muslims pay great impor¬tance to pilgrimage, which is one of five pillars of Islam and the great¬est source of spiritual power for Muslims.
• The dwellers of the valley of Bakka (Makkah) and those who visit it for major and minor pilgrimages (Hajj and `Umra) always praise God. The world knows how much the Muslims praise and glorifies their Lord and set their hearts on pilgrimage.
• In many of its verses, the Quran emphasises trust in and reliance on God. Since the followers of Prophet Muhammad and blessings, found their strength in belief and confidence in God, He made them successful despite their small number and limited possibilities.
• Islam began in Makkah with one person, but its followers increased in strength so quickly that within a short time such as 30 years, it became the greatest power of the (then) world.
• In the desert of Makkah, the well or spring of Zamzam is another miraculous sign of God's blessing for this land. During the 'Abbasid Caliphate, Zubayda, the wife of the Caliph Harun Al-Rashid (763-809), constructed a series of wells, reservoirs and artificial pools that pro¬vided water for Muslim pilgrims along the route from Baghdad to Makkah and Medina.
• The word "Zion" does not refer here to Mount Zion in Palestine. It also means "desert land" and therefore refers to the desert land of Arabia here. "Appearing before God in Zion", refers to the annual pilgrimage to Makkah.

Given verses of Psalms are big enough to show that David also prophesied about Prophet Muhammad’s arrival and informed the people not only about his personality, but his place of emergence and also about his companions.

• ¹  وَ رَبُّکَ اَعْلَمُ بِمَنۡ فِی السَّمٰوٰتِ وَ الۡاَرْضِ ؕوَلَقَدْ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَ النَّبِیّٖنَ عَلٰی بَعْضٍ وَّ اٰتَیۡنَا دَاوٗدَ زَبُوۡرًا (55)
  Translation: And your Lord knows well all those who are in the heavens and the earth, and indeed among the Prophets, We gave excellence to some above others, and We gave the Zaboor (Psalms) to Dawud.
  (Holy Quran, Bani Israil (The Descendants of Israel) 17: 55)
• ²  The Bible, Psalms 89: 6
• ³  According to King James Version it is translated as: “For who in the heaven can be compared unto the Lord? Who among the sons of the mighty can be likened unto the Lord?”.
• ⁴  Holy Quran, Al-Najm (The Stars) 53: 7-11
• ⁵  Al-Hussain Ibn Masood Abu Muhammad Al Baghawi (2000), Muaalim Al-Tanzeel Fi Tafseer-ul-Quran (Tafseer Baghawi), Dare Al-Tirath Al-Arabi, Beirut, Lebanon, Pg. 303.
• ⁶  The Bible, Psalms 118: 26
• ⁷  Holy Quran, Al-Alaq (The Clot) 96: 1
• ⁸  The Bible, Psalms 12: 6-8
• ⁹  Sir Williams Muir, Life of Mohamet, Smith, Elders & Co., London, U.K, Vol. 1, "Introduction".
• ¹⁰  John Burton (1994), An Introduction to the Hadith, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, U.K, Pg. 27.
• ¹¹  Kenneth Cragg (1973), The Mind of the Quran, George Allen & Unwin, London, U.K, Pg. 26.
• ¹²  Holy Quran, Al-Hijr (The Stones) 15: 9
• ¹³  The Bible, Psalms 118: 21-26
• ¹⁴  The Bible, Psalms 72: 4-17
• ¹⁵  Abu Abdullah Muhammad Bin Ismail Al-Bukhari, Sahih Bukhari, Kitab Bada’ Al-Wahyi: Hadith: 03, Darussalam, Riyadh, Saudia, Pg. 01.
• ¹⁶  The Bible, Psalms 15: 1-5
• ¹⁷  Holy Quran, Qasas (The Fables) 28: 77
• ¹⁸  Holy Quran, Hud (Prophet Hud) 11:85
• ¹⁹  Muhammad Bin Yazeed Abu Abdullah Al-Qazweeni (2009), Sunan Ibne Maja Hadith. 3674, Darus Salam, Riyadh, Saudia, Pg. 665
• ²⁰  Holy Quran, Al-Mujadilah (The Argument) 58 22
• ²¹  Imam Hafiz Abu Dawud Sulaiman Bin Ashath (2009), Sunan-e-Abi Dawud, Hadith 4599, Darus Salam, Riyadh, Saudia.
• ²²  Holy Quran, Al Baqarah (The Cow) 2. 278-279
• ²³  Holy Quran, Al-Nisa (The Women) 4: 135
• ²⁴  Towards Understanding the Quran http://www.islamicstudies.info/tafheemphp?sura-&vense-135&do-141: Retrieved: 07-02-2018
• ²⁵  Holy Quran, Al-Hashar (The Gathering) 59: 9
• ²⁶  Abu Abdullah Muhammad Bin Ismail Al-Bukhari, Sahih Bukhari, Kitab-ul-Buyo’, Hadith: 2125, Darussalam, Riyadh, Saudia, Pg. 341.
• ²⁷  The Bible, Psalms 37: 9-13
• ²⁸  The Bible, Psalms 37: 16-34
• ²⁹  Holy Quran, Al-Qasas (The Fables) 28: 5
• ³⁰  Holy Quran, Al-A’araaf (The Heights) 7: 137
• ³¹  Sayyid Qutb (2016), In the Shade of the Quran, Islamic Foundation, Leicestershire, UK, Vol. XIIL, Pg. 162-163
• ³²  Holy Quran, Al-Anbiya (The Prophets) 21: 81
• ³³  Holy Quran, Bani Israel (The Descendants of Israel) 17: 1
• ³⁴  Holy Quran, Al-Anbiya (The Prophets) 21: 105
• ³⁵  Holy Quran, Al-Anbiya (The Prophets) 21: 105-106
• ³⁶  Holy Quran, Yunus (Prophet Jonah) 10: 62-63
• ³⁷  Holy Quran, Quraish (The Tribe of Quraish) 106: 3-4
• ³⁸  Holy Quran, Kausar (Abundance / The Pond) 108: 1-3
• ³⁹  The Bible, Psalms 102: 18
• ⁴⁰  یٰۤاَیُّہَا الَّذِیۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا مَنۡ یَّرْتَدَّ مِنۡکُمْ عَنۡ دِیۡنِہٖ فَسَوْفَ یَاۡتِی اللہُ بِقَوْمٍ یُّحِبُّہُمْ وَیُحِبُّوۡنَہٗۤ ۙ اَذِلَّۃٍ عَلَی الْمُؤْمِنِیۡنَ اَعِزَّۃٍ عَلَی الْکٰفِرِیۡنَ ۫ یُجٰہِدُوۡنَ فِیۡ سَبِیۡلِ اللہِ وَلَا یَخَافُوۡنَ لَوْمَۃَ لَآئِمٍ ؕ ذٰلِکَ فَضْلُ اللہِ یُؤْتِیۡہِ مَنۡ یَّشَآءُ ؕ وَاللہُ وٰسِعٌ عَلِیۡمٌ (54)
  Translation: O People who believe! Whoever among you reneges from his religion, so Allah will soon bring a people who are His beloved ones and Allah is their beloved, lenient with the Muslims and stern towards disbelievers – they will strive in Allah’s cause, and not fear the criticism of any accuser; this is Allah’s munificence, He may give to whomever He wills; and Allah is the Most Capable, the All Knowing.
  (Holy Quran, Al-Maidah (The Table Spread of Food), 5: 54)
• ⁴¹  The Bible, Psalms 84: 4-7
• ⁴²  Holy Quran, Al-Hajj (The Pilgrimage) 22: 26-28